MILESTONES IN TYPOGRAPHY
Typographic Milestones The development of typography started with the examination of ancient manuscripts. Sweynheim and Pannartz were the first printers in Italy and the two produced 12,000 editions of 37 different classical works.
About 30 years later Nicholas Jenson created the first definite break from blackletter style. He created highly legible and even colored typeface based off of the formal Humanistic scripts.In the 1500s, Francesco Griffo cut the first face based from chancery manuscript for the printer Aldus Manutius. This font was used t save space in both manuscript and print.
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE INFLUENCE
ON MATEL TYPE
HALF GOTHIC / SEMI - HUMANISTIC
When the German printing capital, Mainz, was sacked in 1462 many printers fled to new fashioned their work to follow the Renaissance movement and the Humanistic Handwriting influences.
Two German print refuges were Conrad Sweynheym and Conrad Pannartz, (thought to have been associated with Gutenberg's business partner, Schoeffler) who set up the first press in Italy at the Benedictine Monastery of Subiaco. Sweynheim, an engraver, was most likely the punch cutter. His designs were influenced by the calligraphic style of the Italian Humanists - yet still retained influence from the Gothic - hybrid or semi - humanistic form.
By 1467 the pai moved to Rome where, based in the DeMassimi Palace, continued printing with increasingly more Humanistic influences until 1473.
THE FIRST ROMAN FONTS
Venice, a wealthy sea trading community, in near proximity to the potential book markets of four major university towns, became one of the most influential printing centres of the Renaissance. By 1489 more than 50 printers were established in the city.
"The first book printed in Venice was Epistolae ad familiars by Cicero, (1469) printed by Johann de Speyer. The type used by de Speyers had extraordinary clarity... purely roman forms that are directly recognisable as such even by modern standards."
Typography & Graphic Design
— Renaissance to Rococo Era
— Renaissance to Rococo Era
Typography of the Italian Renaissance
- The typographic book came to Italy from Germany as a manuscript-style book printed with movable types.
- Italian printers and scholars rethought type design, page layout, ornaments, illustration, and even the total design of the book.
Design innovations :
- The title page
- Roman & italic type
- Printed page numbers
- Woodblock and cast metal ornaments
- Innovative approaches to the layout of illustrations with type
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